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RECOGNIZING ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MEANINGS

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RECOGNIZING ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MEANINGS

Sometimes, in English there is no object (with or without by) after a verb. Don’t be panic, man! Thing that you should do is you must look at the meaning of the sentence to determine if the verb should be active or passive. Sentences with an incorrect passive verb and no by + object to tell you that the verb should be passive are the most difficult passive errors to recognize on the English Language Tests. Here I give you examples:

  • ·         They mailed the package at the post office.
  • ·         The letter was mailed by them today before noon.
  • ·         The letter was mailed today before noon.
  • ·         The letter mailed* today before noon.

The first three examples above are correct. The reason is because it has the active verb mailed used with the object package.
The second example has the passive verb was mailed used with by us.
The third sentence has the passive verb was mailed used without an object.
The fourth example is the type of passive error that appears most often on the TOEFL test. This type of sentence has the following characteristics: (1) an incorrect passive verb that looks like a correct active verb, and (2) no by + object to tell you that a passive is needed. To correct the fourth example, the active verb needs to be changed to the passive was mailed.

To determine that such a sentence is incorrect, you must study the meaning of the subject and the verb. You must ask yourself if the subject does the action of the verb (so an active verb is needed) or if the subject receives the action of the verb (so a passive verb is needed). In the incorrect example, you should study the meaning of the subject and verb, the letter mailed. You should ask yourself if a letter mails itself (the letter does the action) or if someone mails a letter (the letter receives the action of being mailed). Since a letter does not mail itself, the passive is required in this sentence.

The following chart outlines the difference in meaning between active and passive verbs:

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USING PASSIVE VOICE CORRECTLY

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USING THE CORRECT FORM OF THE PASSIVE VOICE CORRECTLY

As I mentioned in the previous post, passive voice can be tested in the English Language Testing. Te passive voice can be tested in some ways. One of them is the passive can be tested on the TOEFL test with an incorrect form of the passive. I will give you example. The following sentences are examples of passive errors that sometimes tested in English Language Testing, especially TEFL test:

  • ·         The portrait was painting* by Jonathan.
  • ·         The project will finished* by John.
Look at the first example. We can found that there is the passive formed incorrectly because the past participle painted should be used rather than the present participle painting.
Now look at the second example. We can found that there is the verb be that has not been included, and some form of be is necessary for a passive verb. The verb in the second sentence should be will be finished. The following chart outlines the way to form the passive correctly:



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Converting Active Voice into Passive Voice

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(Changing active sentence into passive sentence)

PROBLEMS WITH PASSIVE VERBS

In the English language testing, in this case TOEFL test, there are sometimes sentences which have the error in an incorrect passive. So, you should be able to recognize the correct form of the passive. You should also be able to determine when a passive verb rather than an active verb is needed in a sentence.

There is a significance difference between passive and active sentence. The difference between an active and a passive verb is in its subject. The subject in an active sentence does the action of the verb. In contrast, the subject in a passive sentence receives the action of the verb. Active sentence can be converted into passive sentence, but you should make two changes. They are:
1.      The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence. In contrast, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.

2.      The verb in the passive sentence is formed by putting the helping verb be in the same form as the verb in the active sentence and then adding the past participle of this verb.

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