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Using Colon Correctly

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Using Colon

To use Colon, there are some terms and condition that must be fulfilled. They are:
1.      Colons are used before explanations.
Example
  • We decided to cancel the match: it was raining.
2.      A colon can be used when direct speech is introduced by a name or short phrase.
Example:

3.      Colons can also used when famous sayings are quoted.
  •  ‘Reading makes a full man, writing an exact man, speaking a ready man.’ Said Bacon.
  • Polonius: ‘What do you read, my lord?’
  • ‘Words, words, words.’ (Hamlet)

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Tips: How to Write a Good Story in English

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Story Writing Tips

There are many story writing tips. Here I will give you some of them. The first you need to tell a story well is some practice. They are:
·         A good story writer has a plan to what he wants to write about and looks ahead as he tells the story.
The point above is the most important one. To write a story, the writer should make a plan about what will he or she wants to write about,
·         The writer must have the whole plot clear in your mind.
You must also have the main points arranged in their proper order.
·         To be a good story writer you must have a fertile imagination.

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Attributive Adjectives After Nouns

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Attributive adjectives after nouns

Hola! Today, Mr. Enjoy wants to talk about Attributive adjectives afternouns. In English, many adjectives can go in two main places in a sentence. They are in attributive position and predicative position. I will explain both of them.
1.     
In attributive position

An adjective comes before the noun it modifies. Look at examples below:
  • Nolan is a nice girl.
  • Jean married a rich businessman.
2.      In predicative position

An adjective goes after the verb. Look at examples below:
  • Nolan is nice.
  • He looked upset.
While attributive adjectives usually go before the nouns, a few can be used after nouns. This happens in some fixed phrases. Look at examples below:
  • Secretary General
  • Poet Laureate
  • Attorney General
  • Court martial
Some adjectives ending in -able/-ible can also be used after nouns.
  • It is the only solution possible.
  • Book all the tickets available.
After something, everything etc.
Adjectives come after words like something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, anywhere etc.
  • I would like to go somewhere quiet. (NOT I would like to go quiet somewhere.)
  • I heard something interesting today. (NOT I heard interesting something today.)
In most expressions of measurement adjectives come after the measurement noun.
  • ten years older (NOT Older ten years) (NOT ten older years)
  • six feet deep
  • two miles long

Here is the formula:

VERB + OBJECT + ADJECTIVE

Adjectives can be placed after the object.
  • You make me happy.
  • Can you get the children ready for school?

Adjective Phrase

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Hola! Mr. Enjoy feels so sorry because in few days ago, Mr. Enjoy did not post any article. It was because Mr. Enjoy have to do the mid term examination. But don’t worry. Today Mr. Enjoy back to you again and we will discuss about Adjective Phrases.

In an adjective phrases sentence, sometimes a group of words does the work of an adjective.
Study two examples below:
  • The minister was a wealthy man.
  • The minister was a man of great wealth.
In the first example, the adjective wealthy says what sort of man the mayor was. In the second example, the group of words ‘of great wealth’ also says the same thing. It qualifies the noun man as an adjective does. Therefore, it does the work of an adjective. It is called an adjective phrase.

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RECOGNIZING ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MEANINGS

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RECOGNIZING ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MEANINGS

Sometimes, in English there is no object (with or without by) after a verb. Don’t be panic, man! Thing that you should do is you must look at the meaning of the sentence to determine if the verb should be active or passive. Sentences with an incorrect passive verb and no by + object to tell you that the verb should be passive are the most difficult passive errors to recognize on the English Language Tests. Here I give you examples:

  • ·         They mailed the package at the post office.
  • ·         The letter was mailed by them today before noon.
  • ·         The letter was mailed today before noon.
  • ·         The letter mailed* today before noon.

The first three examples above are correct. The reason is because it has the active verb mailed used with the object package.
The second example has the passive verb was mailed used with by us.
The third sentence has the passive verb was mailed used without an object.
The fourth example is the type of passive error that appears most often on the TOEFL test. This type of sentence has the following characteristics: (1) an incorrect passive verb that looks like a correct active verb, and (2) no by + object to tell you that a passive is needed. To correct the fourth example, the active verb needs to be changed to the passive was mailed.

To determine that such a sentence is incorrect, you must study the meaning of the subject and the verb. You must ask yourself if the subject does the action of the verb (so an active verb is needed) or if the subject receives the action of the verb (so a passive verb is needed). In the incorrect example, you should study the meaning of the subject and verb, the letter mailed. You should ask yourself if a letter mails itself (the letter does the action) or if someone mails a letter (the letter receives the action of being mailed). Since a letter does not mail itself, the passive is required in this sentence.

The following chart outlines the difference in meaning between active and passive verbs:

I think that is enough
See you in the next post!
Stay tune on Enjoy2Learn-English.Blogspot.Com

Mr. Enjoy

USING PASSIVE VOICE CORRECTLY

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USING THE CORRECT FORM OF THE PASSIVE VOICE CORRECTLY

As I mentioned in the previous post, passive voice can be tested in the English Language Testing. Te passive voice can be tested in some ways. One of them is the passive can be tested on the TOEFL test with an incorrect form of the passive. I will give you example. The following sentences are examples of passive errors that sometimes tested in English Language Testing, especially TEFL test:

  • ·         The portrait was painting* by Jonathan.
  • ·         The project will finished* by John.
Look at the first example. We can found that there is the passive formed incorrectly because the past participle painted should be used rather than the present participle painting.
Now look at the second example. We can found that there is the verb be that has not been included, and some form of be is necessary for a passive verb. The verb in the second sentence should be will be finished. The following chart outlines the way to form the passive correctly:



I think That is enough
Don’t forget to stay tune on enjoy2learn-english.blogspot.com
See you in the next post!

Mr. Enjoy

Converting Active Voice into Passive Voice

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(Changing active sentence into passive sentence)

PROBLEMS WITH PASSIVE VERBS

In the English language testing, in this case TOEFL test, there are sometimes sentences which have the error in an incorrect passive. So, you should be able to recognize the correct form of the passive. You should also be able to determine when a passive verb rather than an active verb is needed in a sentence.

There is a significance difference between passive and active sentence. The difference between an active and a passive verb is in its subject. The subject in an active sentence does the action of the verb. In contrast, the subject in a passive sentence receives the action of the verb. Active sentence can be converted into passive sentence, but you should make two changes. They are:
1.      The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence. In contrast, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.

2.      The verb in the passive sentence is formed by putting the helping verb be in the same form as the verb in the active sentence and then adding the past participle of this verb.

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USING PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH COMPARISONS

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USING PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH COMPARISONS

Hmm… This post is also the next part of the previous post. :D Okay, let’s go to the point.

When you make a comparison, you must point out the similarities or differences between two different things, and those similarities or differences must be in parallel form. You can recognize a comparison showing how is the difference of those two things from the -er... than or the more ... than.
Look at the example below:
·         My school is farther than your school.
·         To be rich is better than to be poor.
·         What is written is more easily understood than what is spoken.
·         (same structure) (same structure)
A comparison showing the similarities or how two things are the same might contain as ... as or expressions such as the same as or similar to. Look at the examples below:
·         Jonathan’s car is as good as Nathaniel’s car.
·         Renting those apartments costs about the same as leasing them.
·         The phone that Jack brings is similar to the phone that Hannah has.
Look at the following chart:


USING PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH PAIRED CONJUNCTIONS

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THE USAGE OF PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH PAIRED CONJUNCTIONS

Hello, with me again Mr. Enjoy. Today, we sill discuss about parallel structure with paired conjunctions. In the previous post, we have discussed about USE PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS. This is the next part of the previous post.

The paired conjunctions both... and, either.... or, neither.... nor, and not only ... but also require parallel structures.
  1. à   You know both where I went and what I did.
  2. à   Either Mickey or Susanna has the book.
  3. à   The books are neither in my bag nor in my white box.
  4. à   Steven is not only an excellent student but also an outstanding athlete.

The following statement is not parallel, and it must be corrected:
à   He wants either to go by train or by plane*.
Have you realized that? It is not correct because to go by train is not parallel to by plane. It can be corrected in some ways like below:
à   He wants either to go by train or to go by plane.
à   He wants to go either by train or by plane.
à   He wants to go by either train or plane.
When you are using these paired conjunctions, be sure that the correct parts are used together. The following are incorrect:
à   You want both this book or* that one.
à   Either Susanna nor* Stephanie is taking the course.
Did you know why those sentences are incorrect? Yes, you are right. These sentences are incorrect because the wrong parts of the paired conjunctions are used together. In the first example, the word and should be used with both. In the second statement, the word or should be used with either.
Look at the chart below. It outlines the use of parallel structure with paired conjunctions:


What Adverb Is

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Adverb


Oh laa laa… With me again, Mr. Enjoy. Here we will discuss about Adverb. So, let’s go to the point! Bruuummmm…. Ccchhhhiiiiiiiittttttt…. Here it is the description of Adverb:

“Adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb”

Is it clear now, eh? I hope so. :D. Adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb such as obstinately, slowly, much. Adverb tells you how something is done. It may also tell you when or where something happened. I will give you examples again:
Slowly, tomorrow, here, yesterday, intelligently, well, everywhere, etc.

Here are the special characters of adverb. Check it out!
- Adverb is a word that adds information to a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.
- Adverb is the part of speech used to limit or describe the verb, adjective, or adverb it modifies.
- Adverb is a word that modifies any other part of language (a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or a clause, or a whole sentence, except a noun).
- Adverbs typically answer some questions like How?, When?, Where?, in what way?, or how often? It is called the adverbial function, and is realized not just by single words (i.e. adverbs), but also by adverbial phrases and adverbial clauses.
- Range in form:
From words clearly marked as adverbs to those that have the form of other parts of speech. Some adverbs merge with nouns or prepositions because of the form; some merge with interjections because of their ability to express emotion and to serve as sentence modifiers; some merge with conjunctions because of their ability to perform a connecting function.
- Range in meanings:
From words having a string lexical content (those that describe the action of the verb, or those that indicate such meanings as time and place) to those that are used merely for emphasis.
- Range in functions:
From close to loose modifiers of the verb; from close modifiers of single words, prepositional phrases or clauses, to loose modifiers of the entire sentence.

Types of Adverbs Based on the Function:
1.      Sentence adverbs
 Fortunately, exactly, actually, obviously, evidently, etc. (modifying the whole sentence)
2.      Conjunctive adverbs
 Therefore, accordingly, besides, however, otherwise, then, etc. (modifying the whole sentence)
3.      Explanatory adverbs
Namely, for example, as, i.e. (that is), e.g., viz. (as illustration)
4.      Exclamatory adverbs
 How (how beautiful Mary is)

Functions of Adverbs:
Adverb has four functions. They are:
a)      as modifiers of verbs
b)      as modifiers of adjectives
c)      as modifiers of another adverb
d)      as modifiers of the whole sentence
Examples:
·         Fortunately, the very small boy threw the ball very quickly.
·         The boy quickly threw the ball there twice yesterday.

Adverbials in final position: (the order: adverbs of place, manner, time), e.g.:
1. The witness walked to the stand hesitantly when he was called.
2. Lee was walking along the street quietly with his cat last night.

Other Complex Structures that Function as Adverbials:
1. Alex puts the book on the bed. (Prepositional phrase)
2. You’ll do it when you have time. (Adverbial clause)
3. Turn left to get to the bridge. (Infinitive phrase)

Distinguishing Adverbs (Emphasizers):
- They emphasize particular words or grammatical constructions and appear immediately before them, e.g.:
1.      She was not especially pretty. (adjective)
2.      This isn’t exactly right. (adjective)
3.      Even John agreed to come. (noun)
4.      Only she could not come. (pronoun)
5.      He went to the party only because of his wife. (prepositional phrase)
6.      I don’t know exactly when I can come. (subordinate clause)

Reversals of Word Order after certain Adverbials:
- The subject and verb are often reversed after initials of:
1.      negatives (or near negatives)
2.      only, so, such
3.      expressions of place
For examples:
a.      Never have I seen such a sight.
b.      Seldom did they have enough to eat.
c.       No sooner had he left the office than he received an important telephone call.
d.      Not only is his new car less expensive than the old one, but it also uses less gasoline.
e.      She doesn’t know where her former husband is living, nor does she care to know.
f.        At no time in history has there been complete justice.

What are Adjectives?

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Adjective


Taa Daa…. Mr. Enjoy comes again. Today, Mr. Enjoy wants to explain you all about Adjective. I think all of you have heard about this word. So, what is Adjective? Is it a name of a food? Or may be it is a name of animal. Ha-ha… Don’t make a joke guys. Here is the meaning of Adjective:

“An adjective is a word that describes a noun.”

Adjective tells you something about the noun. There have explained in the previous post, about the definition of Noun. So, if noun is the name of something, adjective tells or describes the noun it self. I will give you some examples:
Big, yellow, thin, amazing, beautiful, quick, important

Adjective can also be described as a word or combination of words that modifies a noun. The examples are: blue-green, central, half-baked, temporary.

The characteristic of Noun:
- The word that expresses an attribute of something.
- The word class that qualifies nouns.
- Almost always placed before a noun in English.
- Adjective is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun by describing, refining, or qualifying it.
- Adjective has grammatical function of comparison
- An adjective is a part of speech which modifies a noun, usually making its meaning more specific. Adjectives are used in a predicative or attributive manner.
- Most usual position of adjective is at before the noun it modifies, but some are at other positions. The examples are: fifteen feet deep, the sky above, chapter five, etc.
- Can be identified by special derivational endings. It also can be identified by special adverbial modifiers that precede it.
- Examples of the sequence of adjectives in a noun phrase:
1.      Both the gifted young Negro college students
2.      Those three self-conscious little ladies
3.      The first ten four multi-purpose aluminum kitchen utensils
4.      That temperamental Italian opera singer.
Look at the table below:
SEQUENCE OF ADJECTIVES IN A NOUN PHRASE



Other Grammatical Structures as Adjectives:

1. The man who is sitting at the chair beside the lift. (Adjective clause)
2. The man sitting at the chair beside the lift. (Participial phrase)
3. The man at the chair beside the lift. (Prepositional phrase)
4. The man beside the lift. (Adverbial)
5. The man to finish on time. (Infinitive phrase)

Adjectives as others:
1. The brave, the dead (noun)
2. Hold tight (adverb)

I think it is enough. Mr. Enjoy feels so tired. Stay tune on www.enjoy2learn-english.blogspot.com See you in the next post! ^_^

What is Verbs?

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Verb


Hello friends, how are you? Hope you are all fine. Today we’ll discuss about verb. Before we go further, I will describe the meaning of verb first.

“A verb is a word which describes an action (doing something) or a state (being something).”

Have you understood it? Take a look at examples below:
Walk, talk, think, believe, live, like, want

Verbs can transform into two forms.
·         The first form is become transitive.
It requires an object (her in I met her).
·         The second form is become intransitive.
It requires only a subject (The sun rises).
There also some verbs that are both transitive (e.g. feel: Feel the fabric) and intransitive (I feel cold) Cold here acts as an adjective, not object.

Characteristic of verbs
Below are characteristics of Verbs:
- One of the sentence cores.
- The verb is the most complex part of speech. Its varying arrangements with nouns determine the different kinds of sentences – statements, questions, commands, exclamations.
- Verb serves as the predicate of a sentence.
- Verb is a content word that denotes an action or a state of being.
- Verb is a word that means event or action, and it combines things involved in the event in a sentence.
- Verb is a part of speech that usually denotes action e.g. bring, read, occurrence e.g. to decompose (itself), to glitter, or a state of being e.g. exist, live, soak, stand.

“Special characteristic” and the properties of Verb:
1.      Tense
Verb is unique words. Every verb has special verb endings or accompanying auxiliary verbs to signal the time. Example: walk à walked, sleep à slept
2.      Voice
Special verb forms arranged in certain positions with nouns to indicate whether the grammatical subject of a sentence is performing an action (active voice) or is itself being acted upon (passive voice).
3.      Mood
Special verb forms marking (a) commands and requests, (b) statements expressing wishes, unreal conditions, or matters of urgency or importance.
4.      Aspect
Certain verb forms, often with accompanying adverbial expressions, indicating whether an event is to be regarded as a single point on a time continuum, a repetition of points, or a single duration with a beginning, a middle, and an end.

Functions of Verbs:
Here is two functions of verb:
1. Linkage (Linking Verbs)
2. Strongest predicating words (Dynamic Verbs)

I think it is enough for the description of Verb. I hope you understand with what I talk about above. If you have some problems, ask something, or may be you still do not understand, please feel free to contact me. It will be my honor to help you all. That’s all. See you in the next post. Stay tune on www.enjoy2learn-english.blogspot.com

What is Noun?

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Noun: Description and the “Special Function”


à   Description of Noun
As I promised in the previous post, now I will describe further about each of the parts of speech.  The description of noun:

A noun is a naming word.

It can be a name of a person, living creature, thing, place, idea, quality, action, etc. Take a look at the examples below:

Cowboy, theatre, box, thought, tree, kindness, arrival, New York, execution, beauty. 

à   Functions of Noun
Noun has many functions. A noun can be used as the subject of a verb, the object of a verb, an identifying noun, the object of a preposition, or an appositive (an explanatory phrase coupled with a subject or object).

à   Some Characteristic of Noun
- The main/head word in many structures.
- Important part of speech.
- One of the sentence cores.
- A noun, or noun substantive, is a part of speech (a word or phrase) which can co-occur with (in)definite articles and attributive adjectives, and functions as the head of a noun phrase.

- Derives from the Latin nomen. It has meaning “name”. A traditional definition of nouns is that they are all and only those expressions that refer to a person, place, thing, event, substance, quality, or idea.

 

There is not only a “real” noun that can act like a noun. Adjectives also can be used as Nouns. Look at some examples below:


- The strong, the poor, the big, the dead, the blind, etc.
- The Mongols, the Indonesians, the Chinese, the Australians, etc.
- The executed, the kicked, the deceased, etc.
- The cheapest, the brightest, the smallest, etc.

Verbs also can be used as Nouns. It called Gerunds. Actually, Mr. Enjoy have describe it in the previous post. So, I don’t want to describe it again. If you forgot about Gerunds, please go there

Adverbs also can be used as noun too, e.g. from there, by now



à   “Special” Functions of Nouns:

1. In Central Core:
    a. As Subject (S)
    b. As complement of verb à direct object (DO) and indirect object (IO)
    c. As Subjective complement (Predicate noun) (SC)
    d. As Objective complement (OC)

2. In Structures of Modification:
    e. Object of preposition
        cf. V + Preposition + Noun/Noun Phrase  à  Prepositional object
    f. Apposition (appositive)
    g. Direct address (vocation, vocative)
    h. Noun adjunct
        à Together with the noun form a noun compound
        à Mostly singular
        à Some are plural, e.g. men doctors
    Examples:    (1) David loves Fiona.
                        (2) David sent Fiona money.
                        (3) She took it from David.
                        (4) David is the governor.
                        (5) They elected David their governor.
                        (6) David waited at the rail station.
                        (7) David, president of the club, didn’t come to the meeting.
                        (8) David, go away!

- Larger Structures may function as nouns:
   a. Gerund phrases: Fishing in the river making our mind fresh.
   b. Infinitive phrases: Mike wanted to see him again.
   c. Noun clauses: Ivy said that she had seen Abraham again.

à   Forms of Nouns:
1. Inflectional forms (especially number and possessive)
2. Derivational forms

à   Markers of Nouns:
1. Determiners:
    a. Articles
    b. Possessives
    c. Demonstratives
    d. Numbers
    e. Words of indefinite quantity (some, more)
2. Prepositions
3. Descriptive adjectives in phrases or structures of modification, e.g. the beautiful painting, a long speech.


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