Adverb
Oh laa laa… With me again, Mr. Enjoy. Here we will discuss about Adverb. So, let’s go to the point! Bruuummmm…. Ccchhhhiiiiiiiittttttt…. Here it is the description of Adverb:
“Adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb”
Is it clear now, eh? I hope so. :D. Adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb such as obstinately, slowly, much. Adverb tells you how something is done. It may also tell you when or where something happened. I will give you examples again:
Slowly, tomorrow, here, yesterday, intelligently, well, everywhere, etc.
Here are the special characters of adverb. Check it out!
- Adverb is a word that adds information to a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.
- Adverb is the part of speech used to limit or describe the verb, adjective, or adverb it modifies.
- Adverb is a word that modifies any other part of language (a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or a clause, or a whole sentence, except a noun).
- Adverbs typically answer some questions like How?, When?, Where?, in what way?, or how often? It is called the adverbial function, and is realized not just by single words (i.e. adverbs), but also by adverbial phrases and adverbial clauses.
- Range in form:
From words clearly marked as adverbs to those that have the form of other parts of speech. Some adverbs merge with nouns or prepositions because of the form; some merge with interjections because of their ability to express emotion and to serve as sentence modifiers; some merge with conjunctions because of their ability to perform a connecting function.
- Range in meanings:
From words having a string lexical content (those that describe the action of the verb, or those that indicate such meanings as time and place) to those that are used merely for emphasis.
- Range in functions:
From close to loose modifiers of the verb; from close modifiers of single words, prepositional phrases or clauses, to loose modifiers of the entire sentence.
Types of Adverbs Based on the Function:
1. Sentence adverbs
Fortunately, exactly, actually, obviously, evidently, etc. (modifying the whole sentence)
2. Conjunctive adverbs
Therefore, accordingly, besides, however, otherwise, then, etc. (modifying the whole sentence)
3. Explanatory adverbs
Namely, for example, as, i.e. (that is), e.g., viz. (as illustration)
4. Exclamatory adverbs
How (how beautiful Mary is)
Functions of Adverbs:
Adverb has four functions. They are:
a) as modifiers of verbs
b) as modifiers of adjectives
c) as modifiers of another adverb
d) as modifiers of the whole sentence
Examples:
· Fortunately, the very small boy threw the ball very quickly.
· The boy quickly threw the ball there twice yesterday.
Adverbials in final position: (the order: adverbs of place, manner, time), e.g.:
1. The witness walked to the stand hesitantly when he was called.
2. Lee was walking along the street quietly with his cat last night.
Other Complex Structures that Function as Adverbials:
1. Alex puts the book on the bed. (Prepositional phrase)
2. You’ll do it when you have time. (Adverbial clause)
3. Turn left to get to the bridge. (Infinitive phrase)
Distinguishing Adverbs (Emphasizers):
- They emphasize particular words or grammatical constructions and appear immediately before them, e.g.:
1. She was not especially pretty. (adjective)
2. This isn’t exactly right. (adjective)
3. Even John agreed to come. (noun)
4. Only she could not come. (pronoun)
5. He went to the party only because of his wife. (prepositional phrase)
6. I don’t know exactly when I can come. (subordinate clause)
Reversals of Word Order after certain Adverbials:
- The subject and verb are often reversed after initials of:
1. negatives (or near negatives)
2. only, so, such
3. expressions of place
For examples:
a. Never have I seen such a sight.
b. Seldom did they have enough to eat.
c. No sooner had he left the office than he received an important telephone call.
d. Not only is his new car less expensive than the old one, but it also uses less gasoline.
e. She doesn’t know where her former husband is living, nor does she care to know.
f. At no time in history has there been complete justice.
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