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USING COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES CORRECTLY

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USING COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES CORRECTLY

In the previous post, we have discussed Comparative and Superlative. Now, we will learn about how to use comparative and Superlative correctly.

In the English test, Especially TOEFL Test, another problem with the comparative and superlative is that they can be used incorrectly. The comparative and superlative have different uses. You should understand these different usages to answer such questions correctly.

The comparative is used to compare two equal things. Take a look at the two examples below:
  • ·         My bedroom is larger than Sissy’s bedroom.
  • ·         Juana is more intelligent than Susanna.

In the first sentence, My Bedroom is being compared with Sissy’s Bedroom.
 In the second sentence, Juana is being compared with Susanna.

The superlative is used when there are more than two items to compare and you want to show the one that is the best, the biggest, or in some way the most outstanding.
  • ·         My bedroom is the largest room in my home.
  • ·         Juana is the most intelligent of all the students in the class.

In the first sentence, my bedroom is compared with all the other rooms in my home, and my bedroom is larger than each of the other rooms.
In the second sentence, Juana is compared with all the other students in the class, and Juana is more intelligent than each of the other students.
The following chart outlines the uses of comparatives and superlatives:


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Comparative And Superlative

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WHAT IS COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES?

Sentences with comparatives and superlatives sometimes appear in the English texts. It is important for you all to know these:
·         Forming the comparative and superlative sentences correctly.
·         Using the comparative and superlative correctly.
·         Using the irregular -er, -er structure.

Forming Comparatives and Superlatives Correctly
In the English test, especially TOEFL Test, there are sometimes comparative or superlative sentences that formed incorrectly. Therefore, you should be able to form the comparative and superlative to answer such questions correctly.

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USING PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH COMPARISONS

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USING PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH COMPARISONS

Hmm… This post is also the next part of the previous post. :D Okay, let’s go to the point.

When you make a comparison, you must point out the similarities or differences between two different things, and those similarities or differences must be in parallel form. You can recognize a comparison showing how is the difference of those two things from the -er... than or the more ... than.
Look at the example below:
·         My school is farther than your school.
·         To be rich is better than to be poor.
·         What is written is more easily understood than what is spoken.
·         (same structure) (same structure)
A comparison showing the similarities or how two things are the same might contain as ... as or expressions such as the same as or similar to. Look at the examples below:
·         Jonathan’s car is as good as Nathaniel’s car.
·         Renting those apartments costs about the same as leasing them.
·         The phone that Jack brings is similar to the phone that Hannah has.
Look at the following chart:


USING PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH PAIRED CONJUNCTIONS

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THE USAGE OF PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH PAIRED CONJUNCTIONS

Hello, with me again Mr. Enjoy. Today, we sill discuss about parallel structure with paired conjunctions. In the previous post, we have discussed about USE PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS. This is the next part of the previous post.

The paired conjunctions both... and, either.... or, neither.... nor, and not only ... but also require parallel structures.
  1. à   You know both where I went and what I did.
  2. à   Either Mickey or Susanna has the book.
  3. à   The books are neither in my bag nor in my white box.
  4. à   Steven is not only an excellent student but also an outstanding athlete.

The following statement is not parallel, and it must be corrected:
à   He wants either to go by train or by plane*.
Have you realized that? It is not correct because to go by train is not parallel to by plane. It can be corrected in some ways like below:
à   He wants either to go by train or to go by plane.
à   He wants to go either by train or by plane.
à   He wants to go by either train or plane.
When you are using these paired conjunctions, be sure that the correct parts are used together. The following are incorrect:
à   You want both this book or* that one.
à   Either Susanna nor* Stephanie is taking the course.
Did you know why those sentences are incorrect? Yes, you are right. These sentences are incorrect because the wrong parts of the paired conjunctions are used together. In the first example, the word and should be used with both. In the second statement, the word or should be used with either.
Look at the chart below. It outlines the use of parallel structure with paired conjunctions:


USING PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS

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USING PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS

The function of the coordinate conjunctions such as and, but, or is to join together equal expressions. We can also said that what is on one side of these words must be parallel to what is on the other side. These three conjunctions can join nouns, verbs, subordinate clauses, adjectives, phrases, or main clauses. They just must join together two of the same thing.

Some examples of two nouns that joined by a coordinate conjunction:

à    She needs to talk to the manager or the assistant manager.
à    Mira is not a manager but a lawyer.
à    You can choose from activities such as basketball and rafting.

Here are some examples of two verbs that joined by a coordinate conjunction:

à    Juan likes to eat and sleep in the evening.
à    Andrea invites us to her home but never talks with us.
à    You can stay home or go to the stadium with us.

Here are some examples of two adjectives that joined by a coordinate conjunction:

à    My manager is honest and handsome.
à    The exam that my teacher gave was short but it is really difficult.
à    Class can be interesting or boring.

Below are examples of two phrases that joined by a coordinate conjunction:

à    There are three students in the classroom and in front of the building.
à    The papers are on my desk or in the drawer.
à    The checks will be ready not at noon but at 1:00.

Below are examples of two clauses that joined by a coordinate conjunction:

à    They are not interested in what you say or what you do.
à    I am here because I have to be and because I want to be.
à    Mr. Enjoy likes to go home early, but his wife prefers to stay late.

Now, look at the following chart. It outlines the use of parallel structures with coordinate conjunctions:


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